2.

The Indexable Web, the  Deep Web ; Their Size and Rates of

Growth and Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

3.

The Amount of Sexually Explicit Material on the Web . . . . . . . . 34

D.

American Public Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

1.

The Mission of Public Libraries, and Their Reference and Collection

Development Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

2.

The Internet in Public Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

a.

Internet Use Policies in Public Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

b.

Methods for Regulating Internet Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

E.

Internet Filtering Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

1.

What Is Filtering Software, Who Makes It, and What Does It 

Do? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

2.

The Methods that Filtering Companies Use to Compile Category

Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

a.

The  Harvesting  Phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

b.

The  Winnowing  or Categorization Phase . . . . . . . . . . . 63

c.

The Process for  Re Reviewing  Web Pages After Their

Initial Categorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

3.

The Inherent Tradeoff Between Overblocking and 

Underblocking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

4.

Attempts to Quantify Filtering Programs' Rates of Over  and

Underblocking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

5.

Methods of Obtaining Examples of Erroneously Blocked Web 

Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

6.

Examples of Erroneously Blocked Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

7.

Conclusion: The Effectiveness of Filtering Programs . . . . . . . . . 96

III.

Analytic Framework for the Opinion: The Centrality of 

Dole

 and the Role of the

Facial Challenge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

IV.

Level of Scrutiny Applicable to Content based Restrictions on Internet Access in

Public Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

A.

Overview of Public Forum Doctrine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

B.

Contours of the Relevant Forum: the Library's Collection as a Whole or the

Provision of Internet Access? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

C.

Content based Restrictions in Designated Public Fora . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

D.

Reasons for Applying Strict Scrutiny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

1.

Selective Exclusion From a  Vast Democratic Forum  . . . . . . . 125

2.

Analogy to Traditional Public Fora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

V.

Application of Strict Scrutiny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

A.

State Interests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

1.

Preventing the Dissemination of Obscenity, Child Pornography, and

Material Harmful to Minors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

2